“My student has autism” instead of “My autistic student”
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Beginner’s Guide to ABA & Behavior Management in Special Education
This guide is designed to understand the basics of ABA and effective behavior management in the classroom.
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is widely used in Special Education to help students build positive behaviors and reduce challenging ones. It is based on observing behavior, understanding its causes, and applying evidence-based strategies to support growth.
This guide is designed for paraprofessionals, behavior technicians, and SPED educators who want to understand the basics of ABA and effective behavior management in the classroom.
Follow student-specific behavior plans as directed by a BCBA or SPED Teacher.
Use person-first language
Stay calm and aware of your own behavior.
Your attitude and self-control strongly influence student outcomes.
Treat all students with dignity, respect, and worth.
Use visual schedules, token boards, choice boards, and other reinforcement tools to help structure routines.
DO NOT
Modify or change behavior plans without approval.
Discuss students’ maladaptive behaviors in front of them.
Use unhealthy or unsafe reinforcers.
E.g., food that poses a health risk.
Physically touch students unless explicitly instructed.
Tradewind Subs has a zero-tolerance touch policy.
Share personal student information or exchange contact information with families.
Unless directed by school leadership
The ABCs of Behavior
ABA often uses the ABC model to understand and address behavior:
- Antecedent: What happens before the behavior
- Behavior: The observable action the student does
- Consequence: What happens after the behavior
Example:
- Antecedent: Teacher says, “It’s time to clean up your toys.”
- Behavior: Student yells, “No!”
- Consequence: Teacher removes the toys and says, “Okay, toys are all done.”
How ABA Helps:
Instead of yelling, the student can be taught to ask, “Can I have 5 more minutes?” When reinforced (teacher allows 5 minutes), the student learns a more appropriate way to meet their needs.
Tip: Collect ABC data using a tracker like the one linked here, whenever unexpected or challenging behaviors occur. This helps identify patterns and plan effective interventions.
Functions of Behavior
Every behavior has a purpose. The four functions of behavior are:
- Sensory – Seeking stimulation or comfort (e.g., rocking, humming).
- Escape – Trying to avoid a task or situation.
- Attention – Seeking interaction from peers or adults.
- Tangible – Wanting access to a preferred item or activity.
Why this matters:
When you know the function of a behavior, you can teach an alternative, more appropriate behavior that meets the same need.
Tip: Pair yourself with preferred activities/items early. This builds trust and positive association with you as a support person.
Reinforcement Strategies
- Always reinforce appropriate behaviors and provide corrective feedback when needed.
- Use the Premack Principle: “First ___, then ___.”
- Example: “First, we read a chapter, then we’ll go outside.”
Be consistent—students learn best when expectations and reinforcement are predictable.
Rational Detachment: Managing Yourself
Your response is key in behavior management. If a student escalates, staying calm can prevent things from getting worse.
Tips for staying grounded:
- Take deep breaths.
- Choose words carefully—speak calmly and clearly.
- Ask for help when needed.
